Class 12 Biology MCQ – Human Reproduction

1. The human male reproductive system includes which of the following glands?

a) Thyroid
b) Pancreas
c) Prostate
d) Adrenal

Answer:

c) Prostate

Explanation:

The prostate is a part of the male reproductive system and secretes a fluid component of semen.

2. Which stage of development implants itself into the uterus?

a) Morula
b) Blastocyst
c) Zygote
d) Fetus

Answer:

b) Blastocyst

Explanation:

The blastocyst stage of embryonic development is the one that implants itself into the uterus.

3. The process by which sperm cells are produced is called:

a) Oogenesis
b) Mitosis
c) Meiosis
d) Spermatogenesis

Answer:

d) Spermatogenesis

Explanation:

Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm cell production in the testes.

4. The female gamete is called:

a) Spermatid
b) Ovum
c) Spermatozoa
d) Follicle

Answer:

b) Ovum

Explanation:

The female gamete is called the ovum or egg.

5. Which hormone triggers ovulation in females?

a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
d) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer:

c) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Explanation:

LH surge triggers ovulation and release of the mature ovum from the ovary.

6. Fertilization usually occurs in which part of the female reproductive system?

a) Uterus
b) Vagina
c) Fallopian tubes
d) Ovary

Answer:

c) Fallopian tubes

Explanation:

Fertilization typically takes place in the fallopian tubes, after which the zygote moves towards the uterus.

7. Which of the following provides nutrition to the developing embryo?

a) Uterine wall
b) Amniotic fluid
c) Placenta
d) Cervix

Answer:

c) Placenta

Explanation:

The placenta facilitates the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and the developing embryo/fetus.

8. What is the function of the amniotic fluid?

a) Provide nutrition
b) Facilitate gas exchange
c) Protect the developing fetus from shocks
d) Support bone development

Answer:

c) Protect the developing fetus from shocks

Explanation:

Amniotic fluid acts as a cushion and protects the developing fetus from physical shocks.

9. The process of childbirth is also referred to as:

a) Ovulation
b) Gestation
c) Menstruation
d) Parturition

Answer:

d) Parturition

Explanation:

Parturition is the process of childbirth or delivery of the baby.

10. The site of sperm maturation in males is:

a) Seminiferous tubules
b) Epididymis
c) Vas deferens
d) Prostate gland

Answer:

b) Epididymis

Explanation:

After their production, sperm cells mature and become motile in the epididymis.

11. The menstrual cycle is regulated by which of the following?

a) Insulin and Glucagon
b) Estrogen and Progesterone
c) Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
d) Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

Answer:

b) Estrogen and Progesterone

Explanation:

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

12. Which of the following prevents the entry of multiple sperm into an ovum?

a) Zona pellucida
b) Corona radiata
c) Cortical reaction
d) Acrosomal reaction

Answer:

c) Cortical reaction

Explanation:

The cortical reaction ensures that once one sperm enters the ovum, no others can penetrate.

13. What is the average duration of a human menstrual cycle?

a) 14 days
b) 28 days
c) 21 days
d) 35 days

Answer:

b) 28 days

Explanation:

The average duration of a human menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days.

14. In which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrial lining of the uterus thicken?

a) Menstrual phase
b) Follicular phase
c) Ovulatory phase
d) Luteal phase

Answer:

b) Follicular phase

Explanation:

In the follicular phase, under the influence of estrogen, the endometrial lining thickens in preparation for potential implantation.

15. Which structure forms from the remnants of the Graafian follicle after ovulation?

a) Ovum
b) Zona pellucida
c) Corpus luteum
d) Cervix

Answer:

c) Corpus luteum

Explanation:

After ovulation, the remnants of the Graafian follicle transform into the corpus luteum.

16. The release of the ovum from the ovary is known as:

a) Implantation
b) Menstruation
c) Ovulation
d) Fertilization

Answer:

c) Ovulation

Explanation:

Ovulation is the process of releasing a mature ovum from the ovary.

17. Which part of the sperm cell contains enzymes to facilitate penetration of the ovum?

a) Head
b) Middle piece
c) Tail
d) Acrosome

Answer:

d) Acrosome

Explanation:

The acrosome, a cap-like structure on the head of the sperm, contains enzymes necessary for penetrating the ovum.

18. In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus most susceptible to teratogens?

a) First trimester
b) Second trimester
c) Third trimester
d) All trimesters equally

Answer:

a) First trimester

Explanation:

The first trimester is the most critical period for organ development, and the fetus is most susceptible to teratogens during this time.

19. Which hormone maintains the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy?

a) LH
b) FSH
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone

Answer:

d) Progesterone

Explanation:

Progesterone maintains the uterine lining (endometrium) for a potential pregnancy.

20. Which structure serves as a connection between the fetus and the mother, allowing nutrient and gas exchange?

a) Amniotic sac
b) Umbilical cord
c) Placenta
d) Cervix

Answer:

c) Placenta

Explanation:

The placenta connects the fetus to the uterine wall of the mother and facilitates the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products.

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