1. Who is considered the "Father of Genetics"?
Answer:
Explanation:
Gregor Mendel's pioneering work with pea plants laid the groundwork for the field of genetics.
2. Which law states that alleles segregate independently of each other during gamete formation?
Answer:
Explanation:
This law is based on Mendel's dihybrid cross experiments.
3. Which base pair in DNA is complementary?
Answer:
Explanation:
In DNA, Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
4. In humans, which chromosome determines the male sex?
Answer:
Explanation:
Males have an XY chromosomal configuration, with the Y chromosome determining maleness.
5. Which genetic disease is caused by the absence of a functional clotting factor?
Answer:
Explanation:
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder where blood does not clot normally due to the absence of a specific clotting factor.
6. Which genetic cross results in a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio?
Answer:
Explanation:
A dihybrid cross, studying two traits simultaneously, results in a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation.
7. Which term describes the alternative forms of a gene?
Answer:
Explanation:
Alleles are the alternative versions of a gene that determine different traits.
8. Which of the following is not a type of mutation?
Answer:
Explanation:
Integration is not a mutation type. Mutations include deletion, inversion, duplication, insertion, etc.
9. A phenotype resulting from the expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is termed:
Answer:
Explanation:
In co-dominance, both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote.
10. Which condition results from a trisomy of chromosome 21?
Answer:
Explanation:
Down syndrome results from three copies (trisomy) of chromosome 21.
11. Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?
Answer:
Explanation:
Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism.
12. Linked genes are located on:
Answer:
Explanation:
Linked genes are genes located close to each other on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
13. What is the probability of obtaining a recessive phenotype from a heterozygous couple?
Answer:
Explanation:
The possible combinations are AA, Aa, aA, and aa. Only aa shows the recessive phenotype, so the probability is 25%.
14. Which of the following diseases is autosomal dominant?
Answer:
Explanation:
Huntington's disease is caused by a dominant allele.
15. The physical appearance of an organism is its:
Answer:
Explanation:
Phenotype refers to the observable physical and physiological traits of an organism.
16. A gene that masks the effect of another gene is termed:
Answer:
Explanation:
Epistasis is the masking effect of one gene over another.
17. Variation within a species can be attributed to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Both genes and environment play a role in causing variations within a species.
18. Which mutation results in a frame shift?
Answer:
Explanation:
Deletions (or insertions) can cause a frame shift, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.
19. Which inheritance pattern shows a blending of phenotypes?
Answer:
Explanation:
In incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the two homozygotes.
20. Which of the following is not a Mendelian trait?
Answer:
Explanation:
Human skin color is controlled by multiple genes, making it a polygenic trait, not a simple Mendelian trait.