1. Which of the following microbes is used in the production of bread?
Answer:
Explanation:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker's yeast, is used for fermenting the dough in bread-making.
2. The process of converting milk into yogurt is facilitated by:
Answer:
Explanation:
Lactic acid bacteria ferment lactose in milk to produce yogurt.
3. Which microorganism is employed in the production of biogas?
Answer:
Explanation:
Methanogens are archaea that produce methane, a major component of biogas.
4. The biocontrol agent Trichoderma is a:
Answer:
Explanation:
Trichoderma is a genus of fungi known for its biocontrol properties against certain plant pathogens.
5. Which organism is used in the treatment of sewage water?
Answer:
Explanation:
Anaerobic bacteria present in sludge break down organic waste during sewage treatment.
6. The production of Swiss cheese involves the activity of:
Answer:
Explanation:
Propionibacterium produces CO2 during fermentation, leading to the characteristic holes in Swiss cheese.
7. The Penicillin antibiotic is obtained from:
Answer:
Explanation:
The antibiotic penicillin is derived from the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum.
8. Which of the following microbes helps in nitrogen fixation in legume roots?
Answer:
Explanation:
Rhizobium forms a symbiotic association with leguminous plants and fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
9. Bioremediation refers to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Bioremediation involves utilizing living organisms, mainly microbes, to detoxify environmental contaminants.
10. Which of the following is a biofertilizer?
Answer:
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and thereby enrich soil fertility.
11. The enzyme 'invertase' used in the preparation of invert sugar syrup is obtained from:
Answer:
Explanation:
Yeasts produce the enzyme invertase which hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose.
12. Which of the following microorganisms is used for cleaning up oil spills?
Answer:
Explanation:
Alcanivorax borkumensis is known to feed on hydrocarbons and is used in bioremediation of oil spills.
13. The bacterium that helps in fermenting cocoa during chocolate production is:
Answer:
Explanation:
Leuconostoc species contribute to the fermentation of cocoa beans, a crucial step in chocolate production.
14. Bt cotton contains a gene from:
Answer:
Explanation:
Bt cotton contains a toxin-producing gene from Bacillus thuringiensis that protects against certain pests.
15. The microbe used in the preparation of vinegar from alcohol is:
Answer:
Explanation:
Acetobacter aceti oxidizes ethanol to acetic acid, producing vinegar.
16. The "Tempeh" food product is prepared by fermenting:
Answer:
Explanation:
Tempeh is an Indonesian product made from fermented soybeans using fungi.
17. Which of the following is NOT a role of microbes in human welfare?
Answer:
Explanation:
While microbes have many beneficial roles, food spoilage is a negative consequence of microbial activity.
18. Lactic acid fermentation is carried out by:
Answer:
Explanation:
Lactic acid bacteria ferment sugars to produce lactic acid.
19. Statins, a group of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels, are produced by:
Answer:
Explanation:
Statins are derived from certain fungi, including species of the genus Penicillium.
20. Which of the following is used in the biological control of mosquitoes?
Answer:
Explanation:
This specific variety of Bacillus thuringiensis produces toxins that are lethal to mosquito larvae.