1. Which term refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth?
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Explanation:
Biodiversity encompasses the range of variation among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other ecosystems.
2. Which of the following is a hotspot of biodiversity?
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Western Ghats in India is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot because of its high levels of species diversity and endemism.
3. What is the primary reason for biodiversity loss today?
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Human activities like deforestation, pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction are major contributors to the current loss of biodiversity.
4. Which type of biodiversity refers to the variety of habitats, biotic communities, and ecological processes?
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Ecosystem biodiversity pertains to the diversity of habitats, biotic communities, and processes in the natural world.
5. The Red Data Book contains a record of:
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The Red Data Book or Red List provides information about the threatened species of plants and animals, categorizing them based on their risk of extinction.
6. Which country is considered the most biodiverse in the world?
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Explanation:
Brazil, with its vast Amazon rainforest, is considered the most biodiverse country in the world.
7. Which conservation method involves protecting the entire ecosystem to protect the species within it?
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In-situ conservation emphasizes the conservation of species in their natural habitats, ensuring the preservation of the broader ecosystem.
8. National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves are examples of:
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These are designated areas aimed at protecting the natural habitat and its residing species, embodying in-situ conservation principles.
9. Which type of biodiversity refers to the variety within a species, especially its genetic makeup?
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Genetic biodiversity pertains to the variation of genes within a species.
10. Biodiversity is more in:
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Tropical regions, due to consistent sunlight, varied rainfall, and long evolutionary time, tend to have higher biodiversity compared to other regions.
11. The phenomenon where a species exists in a certain restricted area and nowhere else is termed:
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Endemic species are found exclusively in a specific area or region and nowhere else in the world.
12. Which of the following is an advantage of biodiversity?
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Biodiversity contributes to aesthetic, cultural, and spiritual value, enriching human experiences.
13. The total number of species living in a particular region is termed:
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Species richness refers to the count of different species present in a defined region.
14. Which conservation method involves maintaining and breeding threatened plant and animal species in artificial environments?
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Ex-situ conservation emphasizes conserving biological diversity outside their natural habitats.
15. Who is known as the father of taxonomy?
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Carl Linnaeus laid the foundations for the modern biological naming scheme, earning him the title "father of taxonomy."
16. The main objective of the Biodiversity Act 2002 in India is to:
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The Biodiversity Act 2002 aims to regulate and control access to biological resources in India to ensure equitable sharing of benefits.
17. Which country has the largest number of species in the world?
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Brazil, with the extensive Amazon rainforest, holds the largest number of species globally.
18. The current era of mass species extinction is which number in known world history?
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Currently, the planet is undergoing the sixth mass extinction, largely attributed to human activities.
19. Which type of conservation is focused on genes rather than whole organisms?
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Genetic conservation seeks to preserve the genes of plants and animals, especially those at risk.
20. An extinct species is one that:
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Explanation:
An extinct species is one that no longer has any living members anywhere in the world.