Dive into the core of chemistry with our Structure of Atom NEET MCQ blog post. It’s crafted to challenge and refine your understanding of atomic structure, a fundamental concept for aspiring medical professionals.
The Structure of Atom encompasses the composition and behavior of atoms, the basic units of matter. Topics include subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons), atomic models from Dalton to Bohr, and quantum mechanics principles that explain electron configurations and orbitals. Understanding these concepts is crucial for mastering chemistry and excelling in exams like the NEET.
By engaging with these MCQs, you’ll solidify your grasp of how atoms form the foundation of chemical science. Whether you’re preparing for the NEET exam or just passionate about chemistry, this collection of questions offers a valuable opportunity to test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of the atom’s intricate structure. Let’s embark on this atomic journey together!
1. Who is credited with the discovery of the electron?
Answer:
Explanation:
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through his cathode ray experiments in 1897.
2. The atomic number of an element represents the number of:
Answer:
Explanation:
The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
3. Which model of the atom is known as the "plum pudding" model?
Answer:
Explanation:
J.J. Thomson proposed the "plum pudding" model, where electrons were embedded in a positively charged sphere.
4. Which particle is responsible for the atom's chemical properties?
Answer:
Explanation:
Electrons participate in bond formation; hence, they determine the atom's chemical properties.
5. The nucleus of an atom was discovered by:
Answer:
Explanation:
Rutherford's gold foil experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus.
6. The dual nature of matter and radiation was proposed by:
Answer:
Explanation:
Louis de Broglie introduced the concept that particles can have wave-like characteristics.
7. The energy of an orbiting electron is:
Answer:
Explanation:
According to Bohr's theory, the energy of an electron is directly proportional to its distance from the nucleus.
8. An alpha particle is equivalent to:
Answer:
Explanation:
An alpha particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, which is equivalent to a helium nucleus.
9. Which of the following quantum numbers gives the shape of an orbital?
Answer:
Explanation:
The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the shape of the orbital.
10. Who proposed the uncertainty principle?
Answer:
Explanation:
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously measured with high precision.
11. Which of the following describes the number of subshells in the 4th shell of an atom?
Answer:
Explanation:
The 4th shell (n = 4) has 4 subshells: s, p, d, and f.
12. Which subshell can accommodate a maximum of 10 electrons?
Answer:
Explanation:
The d-subshell has 5 orbitals, and each orbital can accommodate 2 electrons, so a total of 10 electrons.
13. An orbital can hold a maximum of ____ electrons.
Answer:
Explanation:
An orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins.
14. Which quantum number gives information about the orientation of the orbital in space?
Answer:
Explanation:
The magnetic quantum number gives information about the orientation of an orbital within a subshell.
15. Which is the correct order of increasing energy for the following subshells?
Answer:
Explanation:
The energy of 4s is slightly less than that of 3d, and 4p has higher energy than both.
16. The spectral line of hydrogen atom which lies in the visible region is:
Answer:
Explanation:
The Balmer series of the hydrogen atom lies in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
17. Which of the following describes the electron distribution in oxygen atom?
Answer:
Explanation:
Oxygen has 8 electrons. The distribution is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
18. The phenomenon which proves the wave nature of electrons is:
Answer:
Explanation:
Electron diffraction, where electrons are diffracted by crystals, proves their wave nature.
19. Which of the following atomic models could not explain the stability of an atom?
Answer:
Explanation:
Rutherford's model couldn't explain why negatively charged electrons remain in orbit and don't fall into the positively charged nucleus.
20. The maximum number of electrons in the shell with principal quantum number n = 3 is:
Answer:
Explanation:
The formula for the maximum number of electrons in a shell is 2n². For n = 3, it is 2(3²) = 18.
21. In the quantum mechanical model of an atom, which quantum number defines the overall size and energy of an orbital?
Answer:
Explanation:
The principal quantum number (n) defines the main energy level or shell in which the electron resides. It also gives an idea about the size of the orbital.
22. Who proposed the dual nature of matter?
Answer:
Explanation:
Louis de Broglie proposed the concept of wave-particle duality, suggesting that matter can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties.
23. The shape of an s-orbital is:
Answer:
Explanation:
s-orbitals are spherically symmetrical about the nucleus.
24. In the hydrogen atom, which transition will produce an emission line with the highest frequency?
Answer:
Explanation:
The energy difference and hence the frequency of emitted radiation is highest when the transition is from a higher energy level to the n=1 level.
25. Which of the following atomic models assumed electrons to revolve in specific non-radiating orbits?
Answer:
Explanation:
Bohr's model proposed that electrons move in specified stable orbits or shells around the nucleus without radiating energy.