The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is a crucial examination for medical aspirants in India. A significant portion of the NEET syllabus is dedicated to Biology, emphasizing the importance of understanding human health and diseases. To help you prepare, we’ve compiled a list of 45 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Human Health and Diseases, complete with answers and explanations. Let’s dive in!
1. Identify the pathogen responsible for causing Typhoid.
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Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
2. Which of the following vectors is responsible for transmitting Malaria?
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The Anopheles mosquito is the vector responsible for transmitting the Plasmodium parasites that cause Malaria.
3. Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity?
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Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system, not the innate immune system.
4. Histamines are released from
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Mast cells are known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, and they release histamine upon activation.
5. Natural killer cells destroy the target cell by
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Natural killer cells destroy target cells by creating perforin-lined pores in the membrane of the target cell.
6. One of the unique features of adaptive immunity is
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Adaptive immunity has the unique ability to differentiate between self and non-self substances.
7. The function of helper T- cells is to
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Helper T-cells play a crucial role in stimulating B cells to produce antibodies.
8. The anti-viral proteins released by a viral attacked cell are called
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Interferons are proteins released by viral-infected cells to inhibit the replication of the virus.
9. Antigen-antibody complex is formed at the
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The antigen-antibody complex is formed at the ‘variable’ region of both light and heavy chains where the antibody binds to the antigen.
10. Function of immunoglobulin IgA is
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Immunoglobulin IgA is found in mucous membranes and helps protect against inhaled pathogens.
11. The most abundant immunoglobulin class is of
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Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant immunoglobulin class in the serum.
12. The secondary immune response is due to
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The secondary immune response is faster and stronger due to the presence of memory cells from a previous exposure.
13. The primary lymphoid organs are
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The primary lymphoid organs, where lymphocytes are formed and mature, include the bone marrow and thymus.
14. What did Dr. Jenner inoculate in the boy for the first time?
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Dr. Edward Jenner inoculated a boy with material taken from a cowpox sore to demonstrate immunity to smallpox.
15. To protect a person against tetanus, inoculation of one of the following would save life
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Tetanus antibodies, given as tetanus immunoglobulin, can provide immediate, short-term protection against tetanus.
16. The cells that actually release the antibodies are
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Plasma cells, also known as effector B cells, are the white blood cells that produce antibodies as part of the body’s immune response.
17. The antigen-antibody reaction during allergies releases
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During an allergic reaction, the antigen-antibody interaction can trigger cells to release histamines which cause the symptoms of an allergy.
18. The following blood transfusion would lead to clotting due to incompatibility
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Blood type AB has both A and B antigens, so if it’s transfused to a person with blood type A, the B antigens would be recognized as foreign, potentially leading to a clotting reaction.
19. Haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when
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HDN can occur when an Rh- mother has been sensitized to Rh+ blood, and carries an Rh+ foetus, potentially leading to an immune response against the foetal red blood cells.
20. Immunodeficiency can result from which of the following
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Immunodeficiency can result from genetic mutations, infections that damage the immune system, or malnutrition which can prevent the immune system from functioning properly.
21. HIV attacks which of the following?
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HIV primarily attacks T-helper cells, which are crucial for the activation of other immune cells.
22. Which of the following properties of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination?
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Vaccination works by training the immune system to remember specific pathogens, allowing for a quicker and stronger response upon subsequent exposure.
23. The following disease is an autoimmune disease
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Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers.
24. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contains
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HIV contains reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that transcribes its RNA genome into DNA which is then integrated into the host cell’s genome.
25. Which one of the following is a synthetic drug?
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Amphetamines are synthetic drugs that act as stimulants to the central nervous system.
26. Which one of the following is not a derivative of opium?
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Cocaine is derived from the coca plant, not from opium.
27. Amphetamines have the following effect on the body.
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Amphetamines are stimulants that increase energy, focus, and a sense of euphoria while decreasing appetite and fatigue.
28. Which drugs are commonly called sleeping pills?
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Barbiturates are often used as sleeping pills due to their sedative effects.
29. Which one of the following is a psychedelic drug?
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LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a psychedelic drug known for its ability to alter thoughts, perceptions, and feelings.
30. Which one of the following drugs causes hallucinations?
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LSD is known for causing hallucinations, altered sensations, and other psychedelic effects.
31. Which one of the following is not a teratogen?
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While amphetamines can have negative effects, they are not classified as teratogens which are substances that cause malformation of an embryo or fetus.
32. Which one of the following is not an effect of tobacco?
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Tobacco use can lead to constricted blood vessels, increased blood pressure, stimulated nerve cells, and an increased heart rate.
33. Which one of the following is not an example of a monophyletic taxon?
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A monophyletic group includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants. The first option does not meet this criterion as it bases the group on appearance rather than evolutionary relationships.
34. What type of immunity is provided by vaccination?
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Vaccination provides active immunity by stimulating the body’s immune system to recognize and fight off specific pathogens.
35. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?
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Diabetes is a non-communicable disease as it is not transmitted from person to person.
36. Which cells are primarily attacked by HIV?
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HIV primarily attacks CD4+ T cells, which are a type of immune cell crucial for combating infections.
37. Identify the causative agent of common cold.
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The common cold is most often caused by the rhinovirus.
38. Which of the following diseases is characterized by the inflammation of the liver?
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Hepatitis is characterized by inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections.
39. Which disease is caused by a deficiency of insulin?
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Diabetes Mellitus is caused by a deficiency of insulin or a lack of response to insulin.
40. Which of the following is considered a secondary lymphoid organ?
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Secondary lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes are activated by antigens. Lymph nodes are an example of secondary lymphoid organs, while thymus and bone marrow are primary lymphoid organs.
41. Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan?
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Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium.
42. What type of pathogen is responsible for causing tuberculosis?
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Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
43. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
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Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, particularly the joints.
44. Which type of cells produces antibodies?
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B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are responsible for producing antibodies as a part of the immune response.
45. Which of the following diseases is caused by a helminth?
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Ascariasis is caused by the helminth (worm) Ascaris lumbricoides.