1. Formation of microspores from a Pollen Mother cell through meiosis is known as
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Explanation:
Microsporogenesis is the process by which microspore mother cells undergo meiosis to produce microspores. These microspores then develop into male gametophytes or pollen grains.
2. The process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of another flower of the same plant is called
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Explanation:
Geitonogamy is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of another flower on the same plant. Although it is a form of cross-pollination, it doesn’t lead to much genetic variation as the pollen and stigma are from the same plant.
3. Removal of anthers from flower bud before the anther dehisces for plant breeding is known as
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Explanation:
Emasculation is the removal of anthers from a flower bud before the anthers open to prevent self-pollination, promoting cross-pollination for plant breeding purposes.
4. Inactive state of an embryo (seed)
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Dormancy is a period in an organism’s life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped.
5. Most resistant organic material of exine
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Sporopollenin is a complex polymer that is a major component of the outer wall of pollen and spores, making it highly resistant to degradation.
6. Flowers which do not open at all
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Cleistogamous flowers are self-pollinating flowers that do not open at all, ensuring that the flowers are self-fertilized.
7. Cotyledon of grass family situated towards one sided of embryonic axis
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Explanation:
In the grass family, the scutellum is a shield-shaped cotyledon situated towards one side of the embryonic axis which absorbs nutrients during germination.
8. Female gametophyte
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Explanation:
The female gametophyte, also known as the embryo sac, is found within the ovule and is where fertilization occurs leading to the formation of the zygote and eventually the embryo.
9. Residual persistent nucleus
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Perisperm is the residual persistent nucleus of the nucellus, which may provide nourishment to the developing embryo.
10. Fusion of male and female gamete is called as
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Syngamy refers to the fusion of two gametes, specifically a male and a female gamete, resulting in the formation of a zygote.
11. The nutrition for developing pollen grains is obtained from-
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Explanation:
The tapetum is the nutritive tissue found within the anther, which provides nourishment to the developing pollen grains.
12. In female reproductive structure ovule how many megaspores are functional.
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Typically, in the process of megasporogenesis, one of the four megaspores becomes functional while the other three degenerate.
13. Apple is an example of _____ fruit
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Explanation:
A false fruit or pseudocarp is derived from the ovary and other parts of the flower, such as the base or the receptacle. In the case of apple, the fruit develops mostly from the swollen base of the flower rather than the ovary itself.
14. The resistant material present in the outer layer of pollen grains are made up of—-
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Sporopollenin is a complex polymer that forms the outer layer of pollen grains and spores, providing resistance to degradation and protection from harsh environmental conditions.
15. Which seed has a viability of 10,000 yrs?
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Ancient date palm seeds found in archaeological excavations have been successfully germinated after thousands of years, showcasing their remarkable longevity and viability.
16. Microspore development occurs within _____
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Microspore development occurs within the microsporangium, where microspore mother cells undergo meiosis to form microspores.
17. Name a flower pollinated by bird.
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Red silk cotton tree (Bombax ceiba) flowers are pollinated by birds. The bright red color of the flowers attracts birds which aid in pollination.
18. Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils because of _____
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Explanation:
The outer covering of pollen grains is made up of sporopollenin, a highly resistant and durable material that allows pollen to be well-preserved as fossils over long periods.
19. Yucca plant is pollinated by
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Yucca plants have a mutualistic relationship with yucca moths, which pollinate the flowers while laying their eggs in the ovary of the flower.
20. Many insects may consume pollen without bringing out pollination such floral visitors are referred to as:
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Pollen robbers consume or collect pollen without effectively pollinating the flowers, thus not facilitating the reproductive process of the plants.
21. Which of the following statement is not true
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Explanation:
The tapetum is a layer of cells within the anther that provides nutrients to developing pollen grains. It does not aid in the dehiscence (opening) of the anther; the opening of anther lobes to release pollen is a separate process.
22. An example for a plant that provides safe places to lay eggs as floral rewards for pollination
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Explanation:
The plant Amorphophallus provides safe places within its flowers for certain insects to lay eggs, in exchange for pollination services.
23. Presence of more than one embryos in Seed without fertilization is
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Polyembryony is the phenomenon where two or more embryos are present in a single seed without fertilization.
24. Which one of the following statement is not correct
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Water hyacinth does not drain oxygen from water; instead, it can block sunlight and nutrients from reaching other aquatic organisms.
25. In majority of Angiosperms
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In angiosperms, the reduction division or meiosis occurs in the megaspore mother cells to produce megaspores.
26. The ovule of an angiosperm is technically called.
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The ovule is technically referred to as a megasporangium, as it contains the megaspore mother cell which will undergo meiosis to form megaspores.
27. Double fertilization is exhibited by
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Explanation:
Double fertilization is a unique feature of angiosperms, where one sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell to form a zygote, and the other sperm cell fertilizes the central cell to form endosperm.
28. Coconut fruit is a
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Coconut is classified as a drupe, which is a type of fruit with a hard stony covering enclosing the seed.
29. Morphological nature of edible part of coconut is
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The edible part of the coconut is the endosperm, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo.
30. A dioecious flowering plant prevents both
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Dioecious plants have separate male and female plants, thus preventing self-pollination (autogamy) and cross-pollination with other individuals (xenogamy).
31. Attraction and rewards are required for pollination in
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Entomophilly is pollination by insects, and flowers often provide rewards like nectar to attract these pollinators.
32. Functional megaspore in an Angiosperm develops into
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Explanation:
The functional megaspore in angiosperms develops into the female gametophyte, also known as the embryosac.
33. The coconut water from tender coconut represents
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The coconut water from tender coconut represents the free nuclear endosperm, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo.
34. The proximal end of filament of stamen is attached to
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The proximal end of the filament of the stamen is attached to the thalamus (a part of the flower receptacle).
35. Pollination in water hyacinth and water lily is carried out by
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Explanation:
Despite being aquatic plants, water hyacinth and water lily are pollinated by insects, not by water.
36. Name the plant that comes to the surface of water to collect pollen grains
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Vallisneria is an aquatic plant that sends its female flower to the water surface to capture pollen grains.
37. Corn cob tussles are made up of
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The tassels on a corn cob are made up of the anthers, which are the male reproductive parts of the flower.
38. How many nucleus are present in the mature female gametophyte?
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Explanation:
In angiosperms, the mature female gametophyte, also known as the embryo sac, typically contains seven cells with eight nuclei. These include one egg cell, two synergids, three antipodal cells, and one central cell which has two polar nuclei.
39. The technique of preserving pollen grains is by
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Explanation:
Cryopreservation is a technique where cells, whole tissues, or any other substances containing water are cooled for preservation. Pollen grains can be preserved by cooling them to very low temperatures, a technique known as cryopreservation.
40. Which among the following is not a False fruit?
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Explanation:
False fruits or accessory fruits are derived from the floral parts other than ovary like receptacle or calyx. Among the given options, banana is a true fruit as it develops from the ovary of a flower.
41. A genetic mechanism to prevent self pollen from the same flower or other flowers of the same plant is by which of the following outbreeding devices in plants?
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Self incompatibility is a genetic mechanism that prevents self-fertilization by rejecting the pollen from the same flower or other flowers of the same plant.
42. An example for a non-albuminous seed is _____
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In non-albuminous seeds, the endosperm is completely used up and not present in the mature seed. Groundnut is an example of a non-albuminous seed.
43. Production of seeds without fertilization is called as
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Explanation:
Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that allows plants to produce seeds without fertilization, thus avoiding the shuffling of genes that occurs during sexual reproduction.