1. Which biomolecule serves as the primary source of energy for cellular activities?
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are primarily used by cells to derive energy through processes like glycolysis and cellular respiration.
2. Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?
Answer:
Explanation:
Fructose is a monosaccharide, whereas the others listed are complex carbohydrates or polysaccharides.
3. The primary structure of a protein is determined by:
Answer:
Explanation:
The primary structure of a protein is its sequence of amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds.
4. DNA differs from RNA because DNA:
Answer:
Explanation:
DNA is typically double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded.
5. Which enzyme is responsible for the replication of DNA?
Answer:
Explanation:
DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand during replication.
6. Which of the following is a pyrimidine base?
Answer:
Explanation:
Cytosine is a pyrimidine base, while adenine and guanine are purines.
7. Enzymes are which type of biomolecule?
Answer:
Explanation:
Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts in various biochemical reactions.
8. The bond between two amino acids is called:
Answer:
Explanation:
A peptide bond is formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
9. Which vitamin is water-soluble?
Answer:
Explanation:
Vitamin C is water-soluble, while the others listed are fat-soluble vitamins.
10. Which biomolecule is responsible for the storage and transfer of genetic information?
Answer:
Explanation:
DNA and RNA, both nucleic acids, are responsible for the storage and transfer of genetic information.
11. Which of the following is not a function of lipids?
Answer:
Explanation:
Lipids are not involved in catalysis; enzymes (proteins) play that role.
12. In RNA, which nucleotide base pairs with adenine?
Answer:
Explanation:
In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil, while in DNA, adenine pairs with thymine.
13. Which carbohydrate is commonly referred to as "fruit sugar"?
Answer:
Explanation:
Fructose is commonly found in fruits and is referred to as "fruit sugar."
14. Which type of lipid is primarily used for long-term energy storage?
Answer:
Explanation:
Triglycerides, which consist of three fatty acid chains linked to glycerol, are primarily used for long-term energy storage.
15. Which amino acid contains a sulfur atom?
Answer:
Explanation:
Cysteine contains a thiol group (-SH) which has sulfur.
16. Which enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?
Answer:
Explanation:
Amylase is responsible for breaking down starch into simpler sugars like maltose.
17. Which is the storage form of glucose in animals?
Answer:
Explanation:
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as the storage form of glucose in animals.
18. Which of the following is a disaccharide?
Answer:
Explanation:
Lactose, commonly known as milk sugar, is a disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose.
19. What is the molecular building block of proteins?
Answer:
Explanation:
Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids.
20. In which biomolecule can the α-helix structure be found?
Answer:
Explanation:
The α-helix is a common secondary structure found in proteins.