1. Shannon's Entropy measures:
Answer:
Explanation:
Shannon's Entropy is a measure of the average amount of information produced by a stochastic (random) source of data, quantifying the uncertainty involved in predicting the value of a random variable.
2. In information theory, 'redundancy' refers to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Redundancy in information theory refers to the portion of information within a message that is not required for accurate reconstruction of the data, often used for error detection and correction.
3. Huffman coding is used for:
Answer:
Explanation:
Huffman coding is an algorithm used for lossless data compression. It assigns variable-length codes to input characters, with shorter codes assigned to more frequent characters.
4. The Nyquist Theorem is crucial for understanding:
Answer:
Explanation:
The Nyquist Theorem states that a continuous signal can be completely reconstructed from its samples if it is sampled at twice the rate of its highest frequency, known as the Nyquist rate.
5. Error-correcting codes are used in digital systems to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Error-correcting codes are algorithms used in digital communication and data storage to detect and correct errors that may have occurred during the transmission or storage of digital data.
6. The 'Channel Capacity' of a communication channel refers to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Channel Capacity, as defined in Shannon's Theorem, is the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted over a communication channel under ideal conditions, with zero error rate.
7. In coding theory, 'Hamming Distance' is used to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Hamming Distance is a metric used in coding theory to measure the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different between two strings of equal length.
8. The main goal of source coding is to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Source coding is a process in information theory that involves reducing the redundancy in source data, achieving efficient data representation, often for the purpose of data compression.
9. The technique of 'spread spectrum' in communication systems is used for:
Answer:
Explanation:
Spread spectrum is a communication technique where the signal is spread over a wide bandwidth, making it more secure and less prone to interference and interception.
10. In information theory, 'mutual information' measures:
Answer:
Explanation:
Mutual information in information theory is a measure of the mutual dependence between two variables. It quantifies the amount of information obtained about one random variable through observing the other random variable.
11. A 'parity bit' is commonly used in digital communication to:
Answer:
Explanation:
A parity bit is a simple form of error detection in digital communication. It is an additional bit added to a data set to ensure that the total number of 1-bits is even (even parity) or odd (odd parity), thus allowing the detection of single-bit errors.
12. In information theory, 'block coding' refers to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Block coding is a method in coding theory where data is divided into blocks or fixed-size groups of bits, and each block is encoded separately, often for error detection and correction purposes.
13. The concept of 'entropy' in information theory is associated with:
Answer:
Explanation:
Entropy, in information theory, measures the uncertainty or unpredictability of a data source. It quantifies the average amount of information produced by the source in bits per symbol.
14. Convolutional codes are primarily used in digital communication for:
Answer:
Explanation:
Convolutional codes are a type of error-correcting code used in digital communication to detect and correct errors in data transmission. They are particularly effective in environments with burst errors.
15. In digital communication, 'bit stuffing' is used to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Bit stuffing is a technique used in digital communication to ensure synchronization in data frames. It involves adding additional bits (stuffed bits) to the data stream to prevent misinterpretation of control sequences within the transmitted data.
16. The primary objective of Shannon's Information Theory is to determine:
Answer:
Explanation:
Shannon's Information Theory is focused on understanding the fundamental limits of processing and communicating information, including aspects like data transmission rates and data compression.
17. The process of 'quantization' in digital communication involves:
Answer:
Explanation:
Quantization is the process of converting a continuous range of values (analog signal) into a finite range of discrete values (digital signal), often used in analog-to-digital conversion.
18. A 'check bit' in error detection and correction coding is used to:
Answer:
Explanation:
A check bit is an extra bit added to a string of data bits for the purpose of error detection. It helps verify the accuracy of the transmitted data by checking for inconsistencies or changes.
19. Reed-Solomon codes are widely used in:
Answer:
Explanation:
Reed-Solomon codes are error-correcting codes that are particularly effective in correcting burst errors and are widely used in high-capacity data storage devices like CDs, DVDs, and QR codes.
20. In coding theory, 'rate' of a code refers to:
Answer:
Explanation:
The rate of a code in coding theory is the ratio of the number of data bits (or message bits) to the total number of bits (including redundant bits) in a coded message, indicating the efficiency of the code.
21. The concept of 'channel coding' in digital communication is mainly concerned with:
Answer:
Explanation:
Channel coding in digital communication involves adding redundancy to the transmitted information, enabling the detection and correction of errors at the receiver's end, thus enhancing the reliability of the communication channel.
22. The 'Hamming Code' is an example of a(n):
Answer:
Explanation:
The Hamming Code is a type of error-correcting code that is used to detect and correct single-bit errors in data transmission. It is a simple yet effective method for ensuring data integrity.
23. In the context of digital communication, 'signal-to-noise ratio' (SNR) measures:
Answer:
Explanation:
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a measure used in digital communication to quantify the level of a desired signal relative to the level of background noise. It is an important factor in determining the quality and reliability of a communication system.
24. The main purpose of 'cyclic redundancy check' (CRC) in data transmission is to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data. It involves binary division of the data and helps ensure the accuracy of data transmission.
25. In information theory, the 'data rate' of a communication channel is affected by:
Answer:
Explanation:
The data rate of a communication channel, or the rate at which data can be transmitted, is primarily determined by the channel's bandwidth and the signal-to-noise ratio. According to the Shannon-Hartley theorem, these factors dictate the channel capacity, or the maximum achievable data rate.