1. What is the primary goal of financial management?
a) To ensure legal compliance
b) To maximize sales
c) To maximize shareholder wealth
d) To minimize operational costs
Answer:
c) To maximize shareholder wealth
Explanation:
The primary goal of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth, which typically translates to maximizing the value of the company’s stock.
2. What is 'working capital'?
a) The capital used for day-to-day operations
b) Long-term investments of a company
c) The total value of a company's assets
d) The capital raised through issuing stocks
Answer:
a) The capital used for day-to-day operations
Explanation:
Working capital refers to the capital used for financing the day-to-day operations of a business. It is calculated as current assets minus current liabilities.
3. What does 'ROI' stand for in financial management?
a) Return on Investment
b) Range of Interest
c) Return on Interest
d) Risk of Instability
Answer:
a) Return on Investment
Explanation:
ROI stands for Return on Investment. It is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency or profitability of an investment or compare the efficiency of several different investments.
4. What is a 'balance sheet'?
a) A statement showing the company's revenues and expenses
b) A detailed list of a company's assets and liabilities
c) A record of the company's stock performance
d) A document outlining a company's future financial plans
Answer:
b) A detailed list of a company's assets and liabilities
Explanation:
A balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time, providing a basis for computing rates of return and evaluating its capital structure.
5. What is 'diversification' in financial management?
a) Focusing on a single type of investment
b) Reducing risk by investing in a variety of assets
c) The process of paying dividends to shareholders
d) Increasing a company's range of products or services
Answer:
b) Reducing risk by investing in a variety of assets
Explanation:
Diversification in financial management is a risk management strategy that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. The rationale behind this technique is that a portfolio of different kinds of investments will, on average, yield higher returns and pose a lower risk than any individual investment found within the portfolio.
6. What is 'capital budgeting'?
a) The process of planning a company's long-term investments
b) Setting a budget for daily operational costs
c) The process of distributing dividends
d) Budgeting for a company's marketing activities
Answer:
a) The process of planning a company's long-term investments
Explanation:
Capital budgeting is the process of making decisions about investments in long-term assets of the company, such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects.
7. What is 'debt financing'?
a) Raising funds through bank loans
b) Issuing new shares of stock
c) Reinvesting company earnings
d) Selling company assets
Answer:
a) Raising funds through bank loans
Explanation:
Debt financing involves raising funds through borrowing, typically in the form of a loan from a bank or the issuance of bonds. The company is obligated to repay the principal amount along with interest.
8. What is a 'financial market'?
a) A place where financial instruments are traded
b) A platform for setting financial regulations
c) A market for exchanging foreign currencies
d) A meeting for financial analysts and investors
Answer:
a) A place where financial instruments are traded
Explanation:
Financial markets are venues where trading of financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, currencies, and derivatives occurs. They play a crucial role in the economy by allowing investors to buy and sell assets.
9. What does 'liquidity' mean in financial management?
a) The profitability of a company
b) The solvency of a company
c) The ease with which assets can be converted to cash
d) The ability to pay long-term debts
Answer:
c) The ease with which assets can be converted to cash
Explanation:
Liquidity in financial management refers to how quickly and easily an asset or security can be converted into cash without affecting its market price. Cash is considered the most liquid asset.
10. What is 'equity financing'?
a) Borrowing money from financial institutions
b) Issuing bonds to investors
c) Selling shares of stock to raise capital
d) Using personal funds to finance the business
Answer:
c) Selling shares of stock to raise capital
Explanation:
Equity financing involves raising capital through the sale of shares in a company. Shareholders in return receive ownership interests in the corporation.
11. What is the 'time value of money' concept in financial management?
a) The idea that money decreases in value over time
b) The principle that money available now is worth more than the same amount in the future
c) The concept that time spent on financial management is valuable
d) The idea that money increases in value during times of inflation
Answer:
b) The principle that money available now is worth more than the same amount in the future
Explanation:
The time value of money is a financial concept that states money available at the present time is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity. This core principle of finance holds that provided money can earn interest, any amount of money is worth more the sooner it is received.
12. What is a 'mutual fund'?
a) A government-funded investment program
b) A private fund shared by family members
c) An investment vehicle made up of a pool of funds collected from many investors
d) A fund that invests only in stock markets
Answer:
c) An investment vehicle made up of a pool of funds collected from many investors
Explanation:
A mutual fund is an investment vehicle consisting of a portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities, which is managed by an investment company. It pools money from many investors to purchase these securities.
13. What does 'leverage' mean in financial management?
a) The use of various financial instruments or borrowed capital to increase the potential return of an investment
b) The act of liquidating assets
c) The process of diversifying a portfolio
d) The practice of investing in only one type of security
Answer:
a) The use of various financial instruments or borrowed capital to increase the potential return of an investment
Explanation:
In financial management, leverage refers to the use of debt (borrowed funds) to amplify the potential return of an investment. While it can increase profit potential, it also comes with the risk of increased losses.
14. What is 'dividend' in the context of financial management?
a) The interest paid on a corporate bond
b) A share of profits distributed to shareholders
c) A fee charged for financial management services
d) The return on investment in mutual funds
Answer:
b) A share of profits distributed to shareholders
Explanation:
A dividend is a distribution of a portion of a company's earnings, decided by the board of directors, to a class of its shareholders. Dividends can be issued as cash payments, as shares of stock, or other property.
15. What is 'market capitalization'?
a) The total value of all commodities in the market
b) The total debt of a company
c) The total value of a company’s outstanding shares of stock
d) The maximum market price a company can reach
Answer:
c) The total value of a company’s outstanding shares of stock
Explanation:
Market capitalization refers to the total dollar market value of a company's outstanding shares of stock. It is calculated by multiplying a company's shares outstanding by the current market price of one share.
16. What is 'financial leverage'?
a) The ratio of a company’s total assets to its shareholders' equity
b) The extent to which a company uses debt to finance its operations
c) The use of financial derivatives in a company’s investment strategy
d) The ability of a company to meet its long-term debt obligations
Answer:
b) The extent to which a company uses debt to finance its operations
Explanation:
Financial leverage is the degree to which a company uses borrowed money (debt) to finance its operations. High financial leverage implies a higher level of debt compared to equity and can increase a company's return on equity and earnings per share, but it also increases the risk of bankruptcy.
17. What is an 'income statement'?
a) A statement showing the company's assets and liabilities
b) A document listing a company’s shareholders
c) A financial statement that shows a company’s revenues and expenses
d) A report detailing a company’s yearly dividend payouts
Answer:
c) A financial statement that shows a company’s revenues and expenses
Explanation:
An income statement is a financial statement that shows a company's revenues and expenses over a specific period, usually over a fiscal quarter or year. It demonstrates whether a company made a profit or incurred a loss.
18. What is meant by 'cost of capital'?
a) The total amount spent on acquiring capital
b) The opportunity cost of making a particular investment
c) The cost of a company’s equity and debt funds
d) The expenses related to maintaining capital assets
Answer:
c) The cost of a company’s equity and debt funds
Explanation:
Cost of capital refers to the return a company needs to achieve to justify the cost of a capital project, such as building a new plant. It includes the cost of equity and debt financing, and it is used to evaluate new projects of a company.
19. What is 'capital structure'?
a) The structure of a company’s executive management team
b) The layout of a company’s physical capital assets
c) The composition of a company’s liabilities and shareholders' equity
d) The way a company’s capital is distributed among its various branches
Answer:
c) The composition of a company’s liabilities and shareholders' equity
Explanation:
Capital structure refers to the way a company finances its assets through a combination of debt, equity, or hybrid securities. It directly affects the risk and value of the company.
20. What is the purpose of a 'cash flow statement'?
a) To show the company’s revenue and income
b) To show how changes in balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents
c) To display the company’s current stock price
d) To report the company’s investment portfolio
Answer:
b) To show how changes in balance sheet accounts and income affect cash and cash equivalents
Explanation:
A cash flow statement is a financial statement that provides aggregate data regarding all cash inflows a company receives from its ongoing operations and external investment sources, as well as all cash outflows that pay for business activities and investments during a given period.
21. What is 'net present value' (NPV) in project evaluation?
a) The total revenue a project will generate over its lifetime
b) The difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a period of time
c) The cost of undertaking a project
d) The profit generated by a project in its first year
Answer:
b) The difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a period of time
Explanation:
Net present value (NPV) is a method used in capital budgeting to evaluate the profitability of an investment or project. It calculates the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time.
22. What is 'amortization' in financial management?
a) The process of increasing the value of assets
b) The process of gradually writing off the initial cost of an asset
c) The process of decreasing liabilities on the balance sheet
d) The process of distributing dividends to shareholders
Answer:
b) The process of gradually writing off the initial cost of an asset
Explanation:
Amortization in financial management refers to the process of spreading out a loan into a series of fixed payments over time, or gradually writing off the initial cost of an intangible asset over a period of time.
23. What does the 'debt-to-equity ratio' measure?
a) A company's operational efficiency
b) The proportion of a company's assets that are financed by debt
c) The profitability of a company
d) The dividend payout ratio of a company
Answer:
b) The proportion of a company's assets that are financed by debt
Explanation:
The debt-to-equity ratio is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. It is a measure of the degree to which a company is financing its operations through debt versus wholly-owned funds.
24. What is 'capital rationing'?
a) Allocating capital only for large projects
b) The process of selecting fixed income investments
c) Limiting the amount of funds allocated for new investments
d) The distribution of dividends to shareholders
Answer:
c) Limiting the amount of funds allocated for new investments
Explanation:
Capital rationing refers to the practice of limiting the amount of new investments or projects a company takes on. This is often done when resources are limited, requiring management to prioritize and allocate funds in an efficient manner.
25. What is 'risk management' in financial terms?
a) The process of avoiding investments
b) The identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated efforts to minimize, monitor, and control the impact of unfortunate events
c) The process of choosing the safest investments
d) The management of a company’s liabilities
Answer:
b) The identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated efforts to minimize, monitor, and control the impact of unfortunate events
Explanation:
Risk management in finance involves the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks, and the application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events, as well as to maximize the realization of opportunities.