Class 11 Biology MCQ – Cell The Unit of Life

1. Which part of the cell is responsible for regulating the entry and exit of substances?

a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) Cell membrane
d) Cytoplasm

Answer:

c) Cell membrane

Explanation:

The cell membrane is semi-permeable and regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell.

2. Which cell organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?

a) Golgi apparatus
b) Nucleus
c) Lysosome
d) Mitochondria

Answer:

d) Mitochondria

Explanation:

Mitochondria generate ATP, which provides energy for cellular functions.

3. Which of the following cells lack a defined nucleus?

a) Eukaryotic cells
b) Prokaryotic cells
c) Muscle cells
d) Nerve cells

Answer:

b) Prokaryotic cells

Explanation:

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid region instead of a well-defined nucleus.

4. The fluid content inside the cell membrane is called:

a) Matrix
b) Cytoplasm
c) Nucleoplasm
d) Lysosome

Answer:

b) Cytoplasm

Explanation:

Cytoplasm encompasses the fluid and all organelles outside the nucleus.

5. Ribosomes are the sites for:

a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Protein synthesis
d) DNA replication

Answer:

c) Protein synthesis

Explanation:

Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins.

6. Which cell organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids?

a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Lysosome

Answer:

b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation:

SER helps in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification.

7. The genetic material of a cell is contained in:

a) Mitochondria
b) Ribosomes
c) Nucleus
d) Cytoplasm

Answer:

c) Nucleus

Explanation:

The nucleus houses the DNA, which contains genetic information.

8. Which cell organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting substances?

a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Lysosome
d) Nucleus

Answer:

b) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:

Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport.

9. The term "cell" was first coined by:

a) Louis Pasteur
b) Robert Hooke
c) Albert Einstein
d) Charles Darwin

Answer:

b) Robert Hooke

Explanation:

Robert Hooke observed cells in a piece of cork and introduced the term "cell."

10. Chloroplasts are found in:

a) Animal cells
b) Fungal cells
c) Plant cells
d) Bacterial cells

Answer:

c) Plant cells

Explanation:

Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

11. The structural and functional unit of life is:

a) DNA
b) Mitochondria
c) Cell
d) Protein

Answer:

c) Cell

Explanation:

The cell is the smallest unit that can perform all the functions necessary for life.

12. Which cell organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?

a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Lysosome
d) Ribosome

Answer:

c) Lysosome

Explanation:

Lysosomes contain enzymes that help in digestion and waste removal.

13. The network of membranes involved in the synthesis of proteins is:

a) Golgi apparatus
b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
d) Lysosome

Answer:

c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation:

RER has ribosomes on its surface, aiding in protein synthesis.

14. Which part of the cell provides rigidity to the plant cell?

a) Cell membrane
b) Nucleus
c) Cytoplasm
d) Cell wall

Answer:

d) Cell wall

Explanation:

The cell wall is a rigid layer that provides structural support to plant cells.

15. In which part of the cell does translation occur?

a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer:

b) Ribosome

Explanation:

Translation is the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in ribosomes.

16. Plasmolysis in plant cells is caused due to:

a) Excess watering
b) Presence in a hypertonic solution
c) Lack of sunlight
d) Presence in a hypotonic solution

Answer:

b) Presence in a hypertonic solution

Explanation:

Plasmolysis occurs when plant cells lose water and shrink in a hypertonic solution.

17. Which organelle is responsible for autophagy and self-destruction of the cell?

a) Mitochondria
b) Ribosome
c) Lysosome
d) Nucleus

Answer:

c) Lysosome

Explanation:

Lysosomes can cause autolysis, leading to cell death.

18. Centrosomes are associated with:

a) DNA replication
b) Cell division
c) Protein synthesis
d) Respiration

Answer:

b) Cell division

Explanation:

Centrosomes play a key role in organizing microtubules during cell division.

19. Cristae are found in:

a) Chloroplasts
b) Lysosomes
c) Mitochondria
d) Ribosomes

Answer:

c) Mitochondria

Explanation:

Cristae are the inner foldings of the mitochondrial membrane.

20. The organelle that modifies and sorts proteins and lipids is:

a) Golgi apparatus
b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) Lysosome

Answer:

a) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:

Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies, sorts, and ships them.

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