1. The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs is:
Answer:
Explanation:
S phase (synthesis phase) is when DNA replication takes place, ensuring each daughter cell receives an exact copy.
2. The process by which a single eukaryotic cell divides into two identical daughter cells is:
Answer:
Explanation:
Mitosis ensures that two daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
3. Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the equator of the cell?
Answer:
Explanation:
During metaphase, chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane, ensuring their proper segregation.
4. During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Answer:
Explanation:
Crossing over occurs during prophase I, allowing exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
5. The primary significance of meiosis is to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes, which upon fusion, ensure genetic diversity.
6. Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of:
Answer:
Explanation:
A cell plate eventually becomes the cell wall, dividing the plant cell into two.
7. Which cellular structure is responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle?
Answer:
Explanation:
Centrosomes contain centrioles in animal cells and help organize the spindle fibers during cell division.
8. Which phase immediately follows mitosis?
Answer:
Explanation:
Cytokinesis is the physical division of the cytoplasm, following mitosis.
9. How many divisions occur in meiosis?
Answer:
Explanation:
Meiosis consists of two divisions – Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
10. The phase in which nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes is:
Answer:
Explanation:
Telophase marks the reformation of the nuclear envelope and the end of nuclear division.
11. A diploid cell has 40 chromosomes. After meiosis, each gamete will have:
Answer:
Explanation:
Meiosis halves the chromosome number, so a diploid cell with 40 chromosomes will produce gametes with 20 chromosomes.
12. The point where two chromatids are attached to each other in a chromosome is called:
Answer:
Explanation:
The centromere holds sister chromatids together until they are separated during cell division.
13. In which phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for DNA replication?
Answer:
Explanation:
During the G1 phase, the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis that occurs in the S phase.
14. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
Answer:
Explanation:
Anaphase sees the pulling apart of sister chromatids towards opposite poles of the cell.
15. G0 phase of the cell cycle is characterized by:
Answer:
Explanation:
Cells that exit the cycle and enter G0 are in a non-dividing, quiescent state.
16. Cells that are no longer capable of dividing, like muscle and nerve cells, are said to be in:
Answer:
Explanation:
These cells exit the cell cycle and remain in the G0 phase.
17. Chromatids separate from each other during:
Answer:
Explanation:
Sister chromatids separate during Anaphase of Mitosis and Anaphase II of Meiosis.
18. The process by which cytoplasm divides in an animal cell is called:
Answer:
Explanation:
Cytokinesis is the process by which the cytoplasm divides after mitosis or meiosis.
19. The term 'karyokinesis' refers to:
Answer:
Explanation:
Karyokinesis is the division of the cell nucleus during mitosis.
20. The phase of cell cycle during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs extensively is:
Answer:
Explanation:
In G2 phase, the cell prepares for mitosis and there's extensive synthesis of RNA and proteins.