Which interface is used to execute SQL queries in JDBC?

In JDBC, there are three primary interfaces used to execute SQL queries: Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement. Each of these interfaces serves a different purpose and is used in different scenarios based on the complexity and type of SQL query being executed.

Statement is used for executing simple SQL queries that do not require parameters. It is best suited for static queries where the SQL code is not expected to change. PreparedStatement is a more advanced interface that allows for parameterized queries, making it ideal for dynamic SQL operations. It also offers performance and security benefits due to its precompilation and ability to handle user input safely.

CallableStatement is used for executing stored procedures in a database. Stored procedures are precompiled SQL code that can be executed by the database engine, and CallableStatement provides a way to call these procedures from a Java application. Each of these interfaces plays a critical role in JDBC, providing the necessary tools for executing a wide range of SQL queries and commands.