Dive into the fascinating world of Immunology, the science of our body’s defense system! Whether you’re a student, a curious learner, or someone brushing up on their knowledge, these 15 multiple-choice questions will help you grasp the basics of Immunology.
1. Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies?
Answer:
Explanation:
B cells are responsible for producing antibodies that help in identifying and neutralizing foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
2. The branch of biology, which involves the study of immune systems in all organisms is called_________.
Answer:
Explanation:
Immunology is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of immune systems in all organisms. It aims to understand how the immune system functions, how it recognizes and responds to pathogens, and how it can be manipulated to protect against or treat diseases. Immunologists study the components of the immune system, including cells, molecules, and mechanisms, to better understand how to enhance or suppress immune responses for therapeutic purposes.
3. Which of the following immunity is obtained during a lifetime?
Answer:
Explanation:
Adaptive immunity, also known as acquired immunity, is the type of immunity that is developed over a lifetime. It is not present at birth but is acquired either passively (from mother to child) or actively (by infection or vaccination). Adaptive immunity is characterized by specificity, memory, and the ability to recognize and respond to a wide variety of pathogens.
4. Which of the following cells of the immune system do not perform phagocytosis?
Answer:
Explanation:
Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, play crucial roles in the immune response, such as antibody production and coordinating immune responses, but they do not perform phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is mainly carried out by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
5. What is an antigen?
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Explanation:
An antigen is typically a foreign substance, often a protein, that induces an immune response in the body.
6. Which type of immunity is conferred by vaccination?
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Explanation:
Vaccination confers active immunity by exposing the body to a form of an antigen that helps the body to develop a defense against a specific pathogen.
7. What is the role of the T cells in the immune response?
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Explanation:
T cells play a crucial role in identifying and destroying infected cells and also in activating other immune cells.
8. Which organ serves as a reservoir for the production and maturation of white blood cells?
Answer:
Explanation:
The bone marrow is a significant site for the production and maturation of white blood cells, essential for the immune system.
9. What are antigens composed of?
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Explanation:
Antigens are usually composed of proteins or polysaccharides, which trigger an immune response when detected by the body.
10. Which part of the antibody binds to the antigen?
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Explanation:
The variable region of the antibody is responsible for binding to the antigen, making it specific to each antigen.
11. What is a pathogen?
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Explanation:
A pathogen is a bacterium, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease.
12. What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
Answer:
Explanation:
The skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers and form the first line of defense against pathogens.
13. Which cells are responsible for allergic reactions?
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Explanation:
Mast cells play a central role in allergic reactions. They release histamine and other inflammatory mediators that cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction.
14. What is immunological memory?
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Explanation:
Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to recognize and respond more effectively to pathogens that have been encountered before.