Cells are the fundamental units of life, the building blocks of all living organisms. Let’s dive into 15+ multiple-choice questions that will help beginners understand the basics of cell biology. Each MCQ is followed by an answer and a detailed explanation. Let’s dive in!
1. What is the basic unit of life?
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Explanation:
The cell is the smallest and most basic unit of life. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which perform various functions necessary for the organism's survival.
2. Which of the following scientists coined the term ‘cell’?
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Explanation:
Robert Hooke coined the term ‘cell’ in 1665 when he observed the cell walls of a cork under a microscope.
3. Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?
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Explanation:
Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouse of the cell” as they produce energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
4. Which part of the cell controls cell activities?
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Explanation:
The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell, regulating activities and containing the genetic material, DNA.
5. Which cells lack a defined nucleus?
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Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess both.
6. What is the function of the ribosomes?
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Explanation:
Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids to synthesize proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions.
7. Which of the following is a component of the cell membrane?
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Explanation:
The cell membrane is primarily composed of phospholipids, which form a barrier between the internal and external environment of the cell.
8. What is the primary function of lysosomes?
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Explanation:
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
9. Which structure is unique to plant cells?
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Explanation:
Plant cells have a unique cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection.
10. Which process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells?
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Explanation:
Chloroplasts in plant cells contain chlorophyll and are the sites where photosynthesis occurs, converting light energy into chemical energy.
11. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
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Explanation:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the modification and transport of proteins and the synthesis of lipids.
12. Which cellular structure is involved in cell division in animal cells?
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Explanation:
Centrioles are involved in the organization of the spindle fibers during cell division in animal cells.
13. What do vacuoles primarily store?
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Explanation:
Vacuoles are storage organelles that primarily store water, nutrients, and waste products.
14. Which type of cell contains more than one nucleus?
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Explanation:
Multinucleated cells contain more than one nucleus, which is common in certain fungi, algae, and animal tissues such as muscle fibers.
15. Which structure determines what enters and exits the cell?
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Explanation:
The cell membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining cellular homeostasis.