Arithmetic Reasoning MCQ – Reasoning Questions and Answers

1. A pineapple costs Rs. 7 each. A watermelon costs Rs. 5 each. X spends Rs. 38 on these fruits. The number of pineapples purchased is

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) Data inadequate

Answer:

d) Data inadequate

Explanation:

Without knowing the total number of fruits or the ratio of pineapples to watermelons purchased, the data is inadequate to determine the number of pineapples.

2. If 5 apples cost $10, how much would 12 apples cost?

a) $24

b) $15

c) $20

d) $30

Answer:

a) $24

Explanation:

Cost of one apple = $10/5 = $2. So, cost of 12 apples = 12 × $2 = $24.

3. A car travels 60 km in 1 hour 20 minutes. What is its average speed in km/hr?

a) 45

b) 50

c) 55

d) 60

Answer:

a) 45

Explanation:

Total time = 1 hour 20 minutes = 1.33 hours. Average speed = Total distance/Total time = 60 km/1.33 hr = 45 km/hr.

4. A shirt after discount costs $80. If the discount was 20%, what was its original price?

a) $96

b) $100

c) $120

d) $150

Answer:

b) $100

Explanation:

Let the original price be X. 20% of X = X × 20/100 = 0.2X. X – 0.2X = $80, so X = $100.

5. A person divides $1200 among his 3 children in the ratio 2:3:4. How much does the youngest child get?

a) $300

b) $400

c) $500

d) $600

Answer:

d) $600

Explanation:

Youngest child's share = (4/9) × $1200 = $600.

6. If 3 pens cost $15, how many pens can be bought with $75?

a) 10

b) 12

c) 15

d) 20

Answer:

c) 15

Explanation:

Cost of one pen = $15/3 = $5. Number of pens = $75/$5 = 15 pens.

7. A fruit seller had 30 apples. He sold 28 apples and then bought 17 more. How many apples does he have now?

a) 17

b) 19

c) 21

d) 22

Answer:

b) 19

Explanation:

Apples remaining after selling = 30 – 28 = 2. Apples after buying more = 2 + 17 = 19.

8. In a class of 40 students, 18 are girls. What percentage of the class are boys?

a) 45%

b) 50%

c) 55%

d) 60%

Answer:

c) 55%

Explanation:

Number of boys = 40 – 18 = 22. Percentage of boys = (22/40) × 100 = 55%.

9. A train covers a distance of 450 km in 5 hours. What distance will it cover in 3 hours at the same speed?

a) 270 km

b) 300 km

c) 350 km

d) 390 km

Answer:

a) 270 km

Explanation:

Speed of the train = 450/5 = 90 km/hr. Distance in 3 hours = 90 × 3 = 270 km.

10. John bought a bike for $800 and sold it for $920. What is his profit percentage?

a) 12%

b) 15%

c) 18%

d) 20%

Answer:

b) 15%

Explanation:

Profit = $920 – $800 = $120. Profit percentage = ($120/$800) × 100 = 15%.

11. If 4 liters of paint can cover 10 square meters, how many liters are needed to cover 25 square meters?

a) 6 liters

b) 8 liters

c) 10 liters

d) 12 liters

Answer:

c) 10 liters

Explanation:

Liters required for 1 square meter = 4/10. For 25 square meters = (4/10) × 25 = 10 liters.

12. A bag contains 7 red and 5 blue balls. What is the probability of drawing a blue ball?

a) 1/3

b) 2/5

c) 1/2

d) 3/5

Answer:

b) 2/5

Explanation:

Probability = Number of favorable outcomes/Total outcomes = 5/(7+5) = 5/12 = 2/5.

13. If the price of a book rises from $15 to $18, what is the percentage increase?

a) 15%

b) 20%

c) 25%

d) 30%

Answer:

b) 20%

Explanation:

Increase = $18 – $15 = $3. Percentage increase = ($3/$15) × 100 = 20%.

14. A rectangular field is 50 meters long and 30 meters wide. What is the perimeter of the field?

a) 120 meters

b) 160 meters

c) 200 meters

d) 240 meters

Answer:

b) 160 meters

Explanation:

Perimeter = 2(length + width) = 2(50 + 30) = 160 meters.

15. If 24 workers can complete a job in 15 days, how many workers are needed to complete the job in 10 days?

a) 36

b) 30

c) 28

d) 26

Answer:

a) 36

Explanation:

Number of worker-days = 24 × 15 = 360. Workers needed for 10 days = 360/10 = 36.

16. A square plot has an area of 400 square meters. What is the length of one side of the plot?

a) 16 meters

b) 18 meters

c) 20 meters

d) 22 meters

Answer:

c) 20 meters

Explanation:

Side length = √Area = √400 = 20 meters.

17. A car travels at a speed of 60 km/hr. How long will it take to travel 150 km?

a) 2 hours

b) 2.5 hours

c) 3 hours

d) 3.5 hours

Answer:

b) 2.5 hours

Explanation:

Time = Distance/Speed = 150/60 = 2.5 hours.

18. In a sale, a shirt is marked down by 25%. If the original price was $40, what is the sale price?

a) $25

b) $30

c) $35

d) $10

Answer:

b) $30

Explanation:

Discount = 25% of $40 = $10. Sale price = $40 – $10 = $30.

19. If 8 oranges cost $4, how much do 20 oranges cost?

a) $5

b) $8

c) $10

d) $12

Answer:

c) $10

Explanation:

Cost of one orange = $4/8. Cost of 20 oranges = ($4/8) × 20 = $10.

20. A rectangle's length is twice its width. If the perimeter is 60 meters, what are its dimensions?

a) Length = 20m, Width = 10m

b) Length = 15m, Width = 30m

c) Length = 30m, Width = 15m

d) Length = 40m, Width = 20m

Answer:

a) Length = 20m, Width = 10m

Explanation:

Let width be x. Then, length = 2x. Perimeter = 2(x + 2x) = 60. Solving gives x = 10, so length = 20.

21. A school has 300 students, and 55% are girls. How many boys are there?

a) 135

b) 145

c) 155

d) 165

Answer:

a) 135

Explanation:

Number of girls = 55% of 300 = 165. Number of boys = 300 – 165 = 135.

22. If the cost of 7 pens is equal to 4 pencils and 1 pen costs $1.75, what is the cost of a pencil?

a) $0.75

b) $1.00

c) $1.25

d) $1.50

Answer:

c) $1.25

Explanation:

Cost of 7 pens = 7 × $1.75 = $12.25. So, 4 pencils = $12.25. Cost of 1 pencil = $12.25/4 = $3.06.

23. A train 120 meters long passes a pole in 6 seconds. What is its speed in km/hr?

a) 72

b) 80

c) 85

d) 90

Answer:

a) 72

Explanation:

Speed = Distance/Time = 120m/6s = 20 m/s. Converting to km/hr, 20 × 18/5 = 72 km/hr.

24. If 6 machines can make 6 widgets in 6 minutes, how many widgets can 12 machines make in 12 minutes?

a) 12

b) 18

c) 24

d) 36

Answer:

c) 24

Explanation:

One machine makes one widget in 6 minutes. So, in 12 minutes, one machine will make 2 widgets. Therefore, 12 machines will make 12 × 2 = 24 widgets.

25. A book is sold for $40, which is a 25% profit over the cost price. What is the cost price?

a) $30

b) $32

c) $34

d) $36

Answer:

b) $32

Explanation:

Let the cost price be X. 25% of X = X × 25/100 = 0.25X. Sale price = X + 0.25X = 1.25X = $40. Solving for X gives $32.

26. A bag has 4 red, 6 blue, and 5 green balls. What is the probability of drawing a green ball?

a) 1/3

b) 5/15

c) 1/4

d) 5/30

Answer:

b) 5/15

Explanation:

Probability = Number of favorable outcomes/Total outcomes = 5/(4+6+5) = 5/15.

27. If a car travels 400 km in 5 hours, what is its average speed?

a) 60 km/hr

b) 70 km/hr

c) 80 km/hr

d) 90 km/hr

Answer:

c) 80 km/hr

Explanation:

Average speed = Total distance/Total time = 400 km/5 hr = 80 km/hr.

28. A rectangle is 10 cm longer than it is wide. Its perimeter is 60 cm. What are its dimensions?

a) 10 cm × 20 cm

b) 15 cm × 25 cm

c) 20 cm × 30 cm

d) 25 cm × 35 cm

Answer:

a) 10 cm × 20 cm

Explanation:

Let width be x. Length = x + 10. Perimeter = 2(x + x + 10) = 60. Solving gives x = 10, so length = 20 cm.

29. If a toy is sold at a profit of 20%, and the profit is $10, what was the selling price?

a) $40

b) $50

c) $60

d) $70

Answer:

b) $50

Explanation:

Profit = 20% of cost price. Let cost price be X. 0.2X = $10. So, X = $50.

30. A train 200 meters long is running at a speed of 40 km/hr. How long will it take to pass a bridge 300 meters long?

a) 30 seconds

b) 45 seconds

c) 60 seconds

d) 75 seconds

Answer:

b) 45 seconds

Explanation:

Total distance = length of train + length of bridge = 200 + 300 = 500 meters. Speed = 40 km/hr = 40 × 1000/3600 m/s. Time = Distance/Speed = 500/(40 × 1000/3600) = 45 seconds.

31. In a factory, 5 workers can make 5 widgets in 5 days. How many widgets can 10 workers make in 10 days?

a) 10

b) 20

c) 50

d) 100

Answer:

c) 50

Explanation:

Each worker makes one widget in one day. So in 10 days, one worker will make 10 widgets. Therefore, 10 workers will make 10 × 10 = 100 widgets.

32. A shopkeeper sells an item at a 20% discount, and still makes a 25% profit. What is the ratio of the cost price to the marked price?

a) 3:4

b) 4:5

c) 5:6

d) 6:7

Answer:

b) 4:5

Explanation:

Let the cost price be 4 units and the marked price be 5 units. After a 20% discount, selling price = 5 × (1 – 20/100) = 4 units, which is a 25% profit over the cost price.

33. A man's salary is increased by 15%. If his new salary is $575, what was his original salary?

a) $450

b) $500

c) $525

d) $550

Answer:

b) $500

Explanation:

Let the original salary be X. X + 15% of X = $575. Solving for X gives $500.

34. If the ratio of boys to girls in a class is 4:3 and there are 28 students in total, how many boys are there?

a) 12

b) 14

c) 16

d) 18

Answer:

c) 16

Explanation:

Let the number of boys be 4x and girls be 3x. 4x + 3x = 28. Solving for x gives x = 4. So, boys = 4x = 16.

35. A shopkeeper buys 15 apples for $10 and sells them at $1 each. What is his profit percentage?

a) 20%

b) 30%

c) 40%

d) 50%

Answer:

d) 50%

Explanation:

Total cost = $10. Total selling price = 15 × $1 = $15. Profit = $15 – $10 = $5. Profit percentage = ($5/$10) × 100 = 50%.

36. A rectangular garden 20 m long and 10 m wide is to be surrounded by a pathway of uniform width. If the area of the pathway is 112 sq m, what is the width of the pathway?

a) 2 m

b) 3 m

c) 4 m

d) 5 m

Answer:

a) 2 m

Explanation:

Let the width of the pathway be x meters. Total area = (20 + 2x)(10 + 2x). Area of pathway = Total area – area of garden = 112. Solving gives x = 2 m.

37. A car consumes 8 liters of fuel for traveling 100 km. How much fuel is needed for a 350 km journey?

a) 24 liters

b) 28 liters

c) 32 liters

d) 36 liters

Answer:

b) 28 liters

Explanation:

Fuel consumption = 8 liters per 100 km. For 350 km, fuel needed = (8/100) × 350 = 28 liters.

38. If the price of a book is first decreased by 25% and then increased by 25%, what is the net change in the price?

a) 6.25% decrease

b) No change

c) 6.25% increase

d) 12.5% increase

Answer:

a) 6.25% decrease

Explanation:

Let original price be 100. After decrease, price = 75. After increase, price = 75 × 1.25 = 93.75. Net change = 6.25% decrease.

39. A clock gains 10 minutes every hour. If it is set right at noon, what will be the time shown at 6 PM on the same day?

a) 7:00 PM

b) 6:30 PM

c) 7:30 PM

d) 8:00 PM

Answer:

c) 7:30 PM

Explanation:

In 6 hours, the clock gains 10 × 6 = 60 minutes = 1 hour. So, it will show 7:00 PM instead of 6:00 PM.

40. A rectangular field is 3 times as long as it is wide. If the perimeter is 400 meters, what is the field's area?

a) 3000 sq m

b) 4500 sq m

c) 6000 sq m

d) 9000 sq m

Answer:

b) 4500 sq m

Explanation:

Let width = x. Length = 3x. Perimeter = 2(x + 3x) = 400. Solving gives x = 50, so length = 150 m. Area = 50 × 150 = 7500 sq m.

41. If a train travels 300 km in 5 hours, how long will it take to travel 450 km at the same speed?

a) 6.5 hours

b) 7 hours

c) 7.5 hours

d) 8 hours

Answer:

c) 7.5 hours

Explanation:

Speed = 300/5 = 60 km/hr. Time = Distance/Speed = 450/60 = 7.5 hours.

42. A shopkeeper sold an item at a profit of 10%. If he sold it for $110, what was the cost price?

a) $90

b) $95

c) $100

d) $105

Answer:

c) $100

Explanation:

Let the cost price be X. Selling price = X + 10% of X = 1.1X = $110. Solving for X gives $100.

43. In a 60-question test, 5 points are awarded for each correct answer and 2 points are deducted for each incorrect answer. If a student scores 220 points, how many questions did they answer correctly?

a) 44

b) 46

c) 48

d) 50

Answer:

c) 48

Explanation:

Let the number of correct answers be x. Points from correct answers = 5x. Points lost from incorrect answers = 2(60 – x). Total points = 5x – 2(60 – x) = 220. Solving gives x = 48.

44. A man's salary is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%. What is the net change in his salary?

a) 4% decrease

b) 4% increase

c) No change

d) 2% decrease

Answer:

a) 4% decrease

Explanation:

Let original salary be 100. After increase, salary = 120. After decrease, salary = 120 × 0.8 = 96. Net change = 4% decrease.

45. If a bicycle travels at a speed of 15 km/hr, how far can it travel in 30 minutes?

a) 7.5 km

b) 8 km

c) 10 km

d) 12.5 km

Answer:

a) 7.5 km

Explanation:

Distance = Speed × Time = 15 km/hr × 0.5 hr = 7.5 km.

46. A tank can be filled by a pipe in 5 hours. After half of the tank is filled, three more similar pipes are opened. How long will it take to fill the tank completely?

a) 1 hour

b) 1.25 hours

c) 1.5 hours

d) 2 hours

Answer:

b) 1.25 hours

Explanation:

Time taken by one pipe to fill half the tank = 2.5 hours. With four pipes, the time taken to fill the remaining half = 2.5 hours / 4 = 0.625 hours. Total time = 2.5 + 0.625 = 3.125 hours ≈ 1.25 hours.

47. A rectangle's length is increased by 20% and width decreased by 20%. What is the percentage change in area?

a) 4% increase

b) 4% decrease

c) No change

d) 2% decrease

Answer:

b) 4% decrease

Explanation:

Let original length be l and width be w. New area = 1.2l × 0.8w = 0.96lw. Percentage change = ((0.96lw – lw)/lw) × 100 = -4%.

48. A group of friends shared a bill of $150. If each person paid $25, how many people were there in the group?

a) 5

b) 6

c) 7

d) 8

Answer:

b) 6

Explanation:

Number of people = Total bill / Amount paid by each = $150 / $25 = 6.

49. If a car covers a distance of 200 km in 2 hours 30 minutes, what is its average speed in km/hr?

a) 70 km/hr

b) 75 km/hr

c) 80 km/hr

d) 85 km/hr

Answer:

c) 80 km/hr

Explanation:

Time = 2.5 hours. Average speed = Distance/Time = 200/2.5 = 80 km/hr.

50. A shopkeeper gives a 10% discount on all items. If an item's marked price is $200, what is the selling price?

a) $180

b) $190

c) $200

d) $210

Answer:

a) $180

Explanation:

Discount = 10% of $200 = $20. Selling price = Marked price – Discount = $200 – $20 = $180.