Class 11 Maths MCQ – Probability

1. If an event is certain to happen, its probability is:

a) 0
b) 0.5
c) 1
d) Undefined

Answer:

c) 1

Explanation:

An event that is certain to happen has a probability of 1.

2. The probability of an impossible event is:

a) 0
b) 0.5
c) 1
d) Undefined

Answer:

a) 0

Explanation:

An impossible event has a probability of 0.

3. In a single toss of a fair die, the probability of getting an even number is:

a) 1/2
b) 1/3
c) 2/3
d) 1/6

Answer:

a) 1/2

Explanation:

There are 3 even numbers (2,4,6) out of 6 possible outcomes.

4. If P(A) represents the probability of event A, then 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ :

a) 0
b) 0.5
c) 1
d) 2

Answer:

c) 1

Explanation:

Probability values range between 0 and 1, inclusive.

5. Two events that cannot occur at the same time are called:

a) Independent events
b) Dependent events
c) Mutually exclusive events
d) None of the above

Answer:

c) Mutually exclusive events

Explanation:

Mutually exclusive events are those that cannot occur simultaneously.

6. The probability of drawing a red card from a standard deck of cards is:

a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 3/4
d) 1/52

Answer:

b) 1/2

Explanation:

There are 26 red cards (hearts and diamonds) out of a total of 52 cards.

7. If the probability of an event A happening is 0.2, the probability of A not happening is:

a) 0.2
b) 0.8
c) 0
d) 1

Answer:

b) 0.8

Explanation:

Probability of not A = 1 – Probability of A = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8.

8. If two events A and B are independent, then P(A and B) is:

a) P(A) + P(B)
b) P(A) – P(B)
c) P(A) x P(B)
d) P(A) / P(B)

Answer:

c) P(A) x P(B)

Explanation:

For independent events, the probability of both occurring is the product of their individual probabilities.

9. The total number of outcomes when a coin is flipped and a die is rolled together is:

a) 2
b) 6
c) 12
d) 8

Answer:

c) 12

Explanation:

2 outcomes for the coin (head or tail) and 6 for the die, so 2 x 6 = 12.

10. The probability of getting a sum of 7 when two dice are rolled is:

a) 1/12
b) 1/6
c) 1/9
d) 1/3

Answer:

b) 1/6

Explanation:

The pairs (1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,2), (6,1) give a sum of 7. There are 6 favorable outcomes out of 36, so 6/36 = 1/6.

11. In a deck of cards, the probability of drawing a king or a queen is:

a) 1/13
b) 2/13
c) 1/26
d) 1/6

Answer:

b) 2/13

Explanation:

There are 4 kings and 4 queens, so 8 favorable outcomes out of 52. Hence, 8/52 = 2/13.

12. If two events are mutually exclusive:

a) They are also independent
b) They cannot both occur at the same time
c) P(A and B) = 0
d) Both b and c

Answer:

d) Both b and c

Explanation:

Mutually exclusive events cannot occur at the same time, and their joint probability is 0.

13. The probability of a randomly chosen month having 31 days is:

a) 1/3
b) 7/12
c) 4/12
d) 2/3

Answer:

b) 7/12

Explanation:

7 months have 31 days out of 12 months.

14. In a game, if you have a 90% chance of winning once, the probability of losing three times in a row is:

a) 0.1^3
b) 0.9^3
c) 0.1 x 0.9 x 0.1
d) None of the above

Answer:

a) 0.1^3

Explanation:

The probability of losing once is 0.1, so losing three times in a row is 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.1 = 0.1^3.

15. If A and B are independent events and P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.5, then P(A or B) is:

a) 0.9
b) 0.7
c) 0.2
d) 0.5

Answer:

b) 0.7

Explanation:

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B) = 0.4 + 0.5 – (0.4 x 0.5) = 0.7.

16. The probability that a leap year chosen at random will have 53 Sundays is:

a) 2/7
b) 1/7
c) 3/7
d) 1/14

Answer:

a) 2/7

Explanation:

Leap year has 366 days. 366 mod 7 = 2. So, the year can begin on any day but will have an extra day. There are 2 possibilities when Sunday will appear 53 times: if the year starts on a Saturday or a Sunday.

17. If P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A and B) = 0.12, then the events A and B are:

a) Independent
b) Dependent
c) Mutually exclusive
d) None of the above

Answer:

a) Independent

Explanation:

If A and B are independent, then P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B) = 0.3 x 0.4 = 0.12.

18. The probability of getting a total of 11 when two dice are rolled is:

a) 1/18
b) 1/36
c) 1/9
d) 2/36

Answer:

d) 2/36

Explanation:

The pairs (5,6) and (6,5) give a total of 11. So, the probability is 2/36 or 1/18.

19. The probability of selecting a vowel from the English alphabet is:

a) 1/5
b) 1/3
c) 1/10
d) 5/26

Answer:

d) 5/26

Explanation:

There are 5 vowels in the English alphabet out of 26 letters.

20. If two coins are tossed, the probability of getting at least one head is:

a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 3/4
d) 1

Answer:

c) 3/4

Explanation:

Out of the four outcomes (HH, HT, TH, TT), three contain at least one head.

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