What is abstraction in Python OOP?

Abstraction in Python OOP involves hiding the complex implementation details of a class while exposing only the essential features. This allows users of the class to interact with its public interface without needing to understand the underlying complexity.

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Shape(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def area(self):
    pass

class Rectangle(Shape):
def __init__(self, width, height):
    self.width = width
    self.height = height

def area(self):
    return self.width * self.height

# Creating an object of Rectangle class
rect = Rectangle(5, 10)
print(rect.area())  # Output: 50

In this example, the Shape class is an abstract base class with an abstract method area(). The Rectangle class inherits from Shape and implements the area() method. The user interacts with the Rectangle class without needing to know the implementation details of how the area is calculated.

Abstraction simplifies code interaction by providing a clear and simple interface, making it easier to use and maintain the code.